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Lesson 1: The Greed of the Mighty Rivers

A. Read the following text and answer the questions.

Meherjan lives in a slum on the Sirajgonj Town Protection Embankment. The whispering wind from the river Jamuna makes the fire unsteady. The dancing flames remind Meherjan of the turmoil in her life. āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāϜāĻžāύ āϏāĻŋāϰāĻžāϜāĻ—āĻžā§āϜ āĻļāĻšāϰ āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŦāĻžāρāϧ⧇āϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤ āϝāĻŽā§āύāĻž āύāĻĻā§€ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āφāϏāĻž āĻļā§‹āρ āĻļā§‹āρ āĻŦāĻžāϤāĻžāϏ āφāϗ⧁āύ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧋āϞ⧇āĨ¤ āφāϗ⧁āύ⧇āϰ āĻāχ āύāĻžāϚāĻžāύāĻžāϚāĻŋ āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāϜāĻžāύāϕ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻœā§€āĻŦāύ⧇āϰ āĻāĻžā§āĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻŦā§āϧ āĻĻāĻŋāύāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āĻŽāύ⧇ āĻ•āϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻĻā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤

Not long ago Meherjan had everything—a family, arable land and cattle. The erosion of the Jamuna gradually consumed all her landed property. It finally claimed her only shelter during the last monsoon. It took the river only a day to devour Meher's house, trees, vegetable garden and the bamboo bush. āϖ⧁āĻŦ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋāύ āφāϗ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻĨāĻž āύāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻ–āύ āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāϜāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦāĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ āĻ›āĻŋāĻ˛â€”āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ, āϚāĻžāώāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§āϝ āϜāĻŽāĻŋ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻļ⧁āĨ¤ āϝāĻŽā§āύāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āύ āϧ⧀āϰ⧇ āϧ⧀āϰ⧇ āϤāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āϜāĻŽāĻŋāϜāĻŽāĻž āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāϏ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤ āϏāĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ⧇ āĻ—āϤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϟāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻĨāĻž āĻ—ā§‹āρāϜāĻžāϰ āĻ āĻžāρāχāϟ⧁āϕ⧁āĻ“ āĻ•ā§‡ā§œā§‡ āĻ¨ā§‡ā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰ⧇āϰ āϘāϰāĻŦāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻŋ, āĻ—āĻžāĻ›āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻž, āϏāĻŦāϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļāĻāĻžā§œ āĻ—āĻŋāϞ⧇ āϖ⧇āϤ⧇ āύāĻĻā§€āϟāĻŋāϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāύ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϞ⧇āϗ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤

She had a happy family once. Over the years, she lost her husband and her family to diseases that cruel hunger and poverty brought to the family. Now, she is the only one left to live on with the loss and the pain. The greedy Jamuna has shattered her dreams and happiness. āĻāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧁āĻ–ā§€ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āϧāϰ⧇ āύāĻŋāĻˇā§āϠ⧁āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āϧāĻž āĻ“ āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āϝ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϰ⧋āĻ—āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϧāĻŋ āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻāϏ⧇āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āϤāĻžāϤ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϜāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻāĻ–āύ āĻļ⧁āϧ⧁ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋāχ āĻŦ⧇āρāĻšā§‡ āφāϛ⧇āύ āĻāχ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋ āφāϰ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖāĻž āύāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āĨ¤ āϞ⧋āĻ­ā§€ āϝāĻŽā§āύāĻž āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āĻ“ āϏ⧁āĻ–āϕ⧇ āϚ⧁āϰāĻŽāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĻāĻŋāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤

There are thousand others waiting to share the same fate like Meherjan. Bangladesh is a land of rivers, some of whose banks overflow or erode during monsoon. Erosion is a harsh reality for the people living along the river banks. During each monsoon many more villages are threatened by the mighty rivers like the Jamuna, the Padma and the Meghna. āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāϜāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻāĻ•āχ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŖāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āφāϛ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āύāĻĻā§€āĻŽāĻžāϤ⧃āĻ• āĻĻ⧇āĻļ, āϝāĻžāϰ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āύāĻĻā§€āϰ āϤ⧀āϰ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āώāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϞāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϭ⧇āϙ⧇ āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āύāĻĻā§€āϕ⧂āϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϛ⧇ āύāĻĻā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āύ āĻāĻ• āĻ•āĻ ā§‹āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŦāϤāĻžāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϝāĻŽā§āύāĻž, āĻĒāĻĻā§āĻŽāĻž āĻ“ āĻŽā§‡āϘāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽāϤ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž āύāĻĻā§€āϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āύ⧇ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻ…āύ⧇āĻ• āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻšā§āĻŽāĻ•āĻŋāϰ āĻŽā§āϖ⧇ āĻĒā§œā§‡āĨ¤

It is estimated that river erosion makes at least 100,000 people homeless every year in Bangladesh. In fact, river erosion is one of the main dangers caused by climate change. If we can't take prompt actions to adapt to climate change, there will be thousands of more Meherjans in our towns and villages every year. āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āϝ⧇, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āύāĻĻā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āύ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϤāϤ ā§§,ā§Ļā§Ļ,ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώāϕ⧇ āĻ—ā§ƒāĻšāĻšā§€āύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϤ⧋āϞ⧇āĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻĒāĻ•ā§āώ⧇, āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ āĻĢāϞ⧇ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇ āύāĻĻā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āύ āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϝāϤāĻŽāĨ¤ āφāĻŽāϰāĻž āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āϜāϞāĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ⧁ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻ–āĻžāĻĒ āĻ–āĻžāχāϝāĻŧ⧇ āύ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž āύāĻŋāϤ⧇ āύāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŋ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āφāĻŽāĻžāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻļāĻšāϰ āĻ“ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āφāϰāĻ“ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻšāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāϜāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋ āĻšāĻŦ⧇āĨ¤

B. For each phrase below choose the meaning that is closest to the meaning used in the text in A.

  1. In paragraph 3 'mighty rivers' mean a. rivers that have huge volumes of water and very strong currents b. rivers having many rowing boats in them c. rivers that make people cry out d. rivers that have strong banks

  2. landed property a. a rented piece of land b. a piece of land on the bank of a river c. property in the form of a source of income to its owner d. property used only as an agricultural farm

  3. whispering wind a. wind that blows from across the river b. wind that blows with a hissing sound c. wind that helps someone make a fire d. wind that blows in summer

  4. dancing flames a. a traditional form of folk dance b. flames that make people dance around them c. flames that are made unstable by the blast of air d. flames made by people to remember their past

C. Ask and answer the following questions in pairs.

  • a. What does Meherjan use to make fire for cooking her meals? Meherjan uses fallen leaves and straw to make fire for cooking her meals. āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāϜāĻžāύ āϤāĻžāϰ āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āύāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āφāϗ⧁āύ āĻœā§āĻŦāĻžāϞāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻāϰāĻž āĻĒāĻžāϤāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ–ā§œ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύāĨ¤

  • b. What property did Meherjan lose due to river erosion? Meherjan lost her arable land, cattle, house, trees, vegetable garden, and bamboo bush. āύāĻĻā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāϜāĻžāύ āϤāĻžāϰ āφāĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āϜāĻŽāĻŋ, āĻ—āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻŋ āĻĒāĻļ⧁, āϘāϰāĻŦāĻžā§œāĻŋ, āĻ—āĻžāĻ›āĻĒāĻžāϞāĻž, āϏāĻŦāϜāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ—āĻžāύ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻļāĻāĻžā§œ āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

  • c. What do you know about Meherjan's family? She once had a happy family, but she lost her husband and relatives to diseases brought on by hunger and poverty. āĻāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏ⧁āĻ–ā§€ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϰ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ, āĻ•āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϤ⧁ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āϧāĻž āĻ“ āĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāϪ⧇ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟ āϰ⧋āϗ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύāĻŋ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻžāĻŽā§€ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϜāύāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻšāĻžāϰāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āύāĨ¤

  • d. In which season is river erosion most likely to occur? River erosion is most likely to occur during the monsoon season. āĻŦāĻ°ā§āώāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϞ⧇ āύāĻĻā§€āĻ­āĻžāĻ™āύ āĻšāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤

  • e. Why is the phrase 'greedy Jamuna' used to describe the river? What greed do you notice in the description? It is used to describe the river's all-consuming nature; the "greed" refers to the river devouring all her possessions and happiness. āύāĻĻā§€āϰ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāϏ⧀ āϰ⧂āĻĒ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāϤ⧇ āĻāχ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϗ⧁āĻšā§āĻ› āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇; āĻāĻ–āĻžāύ⧇ "āϞ⧋āĻ­" āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻŽā§‡āĻšā§‡āϰāϜāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ āĻ“ āϏ⧁āĻ– āĻ—āĻŋāϞ⧇ āĻ–āĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§‹āĻāĻžāύ⧋ āĻšā§Ÿā§‡āϛ⧇āĨ¤

D. Complete the summary of Meherjan's life with words/phrases from the box.

Meherjan is a typical (1) ........ woman who lives in a slum. She lost her shelter and properties (2) ........ the erosion of the river Jamuna. She also lost her family. Her husband had died of diseases caused by poverty and (3) ......... Now, she is only a (4) ......... Like Meherjan there are many people who have become the (5) ........ of river erosion. River erosion is still posing (6) ........ to the lives and properties of thousands of people. People living (7) ........ the rivers are the most likely victims of river erosion. Each year about (8) ........ people become homeless due to river erosion in Bangladesh. Meherjan's life is just one (9) ........ of how climate change (10) ........ the lives of thousands of people.

| victims | affects | close to | slum dweller | homeless | | threats | example | due to | shortage of food | one lakh |

E. Debate: Form two groups of 3/4. Decide which group will speak for/against the motion given below. In your group, first, discuss and note down five/six points to support/oppose the motion. Then select the speakers from each group to start the debate. Motion: Humans can't do anything to control the course of nature.

Unit-2: Climate Change